WMS This is a description of your Web Map Server. WFS WMS GEOSERVER

NONE NONE text/xml image/png application/atom+xml application/json;type=utfgrid application/pdf application/rss+xml application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml;mode=networklink application/vnd.google-earth.kmz image/geotiff image/geotiff8 image/gif image/jpeg image/png; mode=8bit image/svg+xml image/tiff image/tiff8 image/vnd.jpeg-png image/vnd.jpeg-png8 text/html; subtype=openlayers text/html; subtype=openlayers2 text/html; subtype=openlayers3 text/plain application/vnd.ogc.gml text/xml application/vnd.ogc.gml/3.1.1 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 text/html text/javascript application/json XML INIMAGE BLANK JSON JSONP This is a description of your Web Map Server. EPSG:4326 EPSG:3785 EPSG:3857 EPSG:900913 EPSG:32647 EPSG:32736 CRS:84 -10.024999999999718 32.53096020395898 33.96905062486552 55.05352593993775 geonode:ACB_energy To accelerate the Alpine energy transition, the Alpine Climate Board advocates for a cross-sectoral governance approach rooted in the Avoid-Shift-Improve logic and aligned with European frameworks like the Green Deal and “Fit-for-55.” With the help of five “energy nexus” – energy’s interfaces with tourism, agriculture, spatial planning, water, and participation/financing – good practices are explored that have the potential to unlock synergies and strengthen local acceptance. Good practices demonstrate the importance of participatory processes, local empowerment, and shared knowledge. Key recommendations include enhancing the role of municipalities, supporting regional energy coordinators, amplifying Alpine voices at the EU level, and adapting regulatory and financial frameworks. A more inclusive, collaborative, and regionally tailored governance model is essential for achieving climate-neutral and climate-resilient Alps. ACB_energy cross-sectoral alpine convention features energy governance EPSG:4326 CRS:84 1.304026528 15.6264364258658 44.49393 48.2066220237619 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:ACB_lifestyles This layer summarizes good practices highlighted in a booklet of the Alpine Climate Board which supports the Alpine Climate Board's vision of climate-neutral and climate-resilient lifestyles. Building on the Alpine Climate Target System 2050 and its Action Plan 2.0, the good practices emphasize the need for local engagement and behavioural change alongside technical measures. The Alps’ unique context - its visible climate impacts, rich natural and human resources, and existing eco-conscious practices - offers both opportunities and challenges. The good practices explore how Alpine-specific factors influence mobility, consumption, housing, and leisure, and calls for inclusive, human-centred approaches to bridge the gap from knowledge to action. ACB_lifestyles features food EPSG:4326 CRS:84 1.303183202 13.89127472 44.69519915 48.85063631 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:ACB_nbs This map summarizes highlights from a report of the Alpine Climate Board on nature-based solutions (NbS) in the Alpine region to address climate change impacts. Good practices related to NbS identify key success factors and challenges from eight pilot projects across multiple sectors. They emphasize the need for collaborative, cross-sectoral governance mechanisms, public-private partnerships, and a supportive legal framework to effectively scale NbS initiatives. Recommendations include integrating NbS into policy and planning frameworks, fostering public awareness, and establishing a dedicated Alpine-wide platform for NbS information and coordination. ACB_nbs governance solutions EPSG:4326 CRS:84 5.743282824 12.24058737 45.17324307 47.95954736 other other text/xml other other other other geonode:ASP_full The layer shows the perimeter of the INTERREG Alpine Space Programme, financing transnational cooperation projects across the borders of seven Alpine countries. More info on: https://www.alpine-space.eu ASP_full features EPSG:4258 CRS:84 3.68813228607178 17.1607990264893 42.9818572998047 50.5642280578613 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:AS_10kmgrid_2012_o3_somo35_prj3857_tif The map shows the values of SOMO35 sum of ozone means over 35 parts per billion (μg/m³/d), which is the new indicator recommended by the WHO for health impact assessment. Ozone is a molecule present in the lower part of the atmosphere and causes damage to human health and to vegetation. Ground level ozone is a secondary pollutant mainly formed in conditions of intense insolation by complex chemical reactions among precursor gases like e.g. nitrogen oxide and the oxygen in the air. For this reason, ozone values show a characteristic course during the year and during the day with high values in periods of high insolation (summer, noon and afternoon) and lower values in wintertime. ozone climate change RSA6 EPSG:3857 CRS:84 2.8450098374661326 18.13286273611443 42.63211552040537 49.39292041978932 other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:AggregatedClimateRisk85 The indicator shows the aggregated risk to climate change as the result of combining the following risks scenarios in the intermediate emissions (2070-2100) scenario with absolute exposure: heat stress on population; coastal flood on infrastructure, industry and service sectors; river flood on population; river flood on infrastructure, industry and service sectors; flash flood on cultural sector; wildfire on environment; and droughts on primary sector. The value is in the range from "Very low" to "Very high" risk. See ESPON-CLIMATE 2022 Update Final Report for further details. RSA10 features AggregatedClimateRisk85 EPSG:3035 CRS:84 4.192230327311095 17.237769716810995 42.843811497361465 48.778281154582295 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:AlpineProtecetedAreas_UNESCO_sites This layer depicts all the UNESCO protected sites over the Alps. - UNESCO Geoparks: The definition of the UNESCO Geoparks is available on en.unesco.org/global-geoparks - UNESCO World Heritage: The definition of the UNESCO World Heritage sites is available on whc.unesco.org/ - UNESCO Biosphere reserves: The definition of the UNESCO Biosphere reserves is available on en.unesco.org/biosphere AlpineProtecetedAreas_UNESCO_sites unesco alpineconvention EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.372144780985835 16.381333568255734 43.58554051136309 48.52746440636033 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:AlpineProtecetedAreas_national_park This layer shows the national parks within the Alpine Convention perimeter. National parks are defined as large natural sites that are dedicated towards protecting ecological and biological systems and species. Further information on alparc.org. AlpineProtecetedAreas_national_park alparc EPSG:3034 CRS:84 5.688062960193982 14.767245896453234 43.77689467740097 47.94652114214093 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:AlpineProtecetedAreas_nature_regional_park The management and protection levels of regional/nature parks areas vary by country. Regional/Nature parks activities usually focus on the integration of sustainable, regional development and nature conservation. Further information at alparc.org AlpineProtecetedAreas_nature_regional_park EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.146822586022715 16.61984789536318 43.42887226518247 48.49348503233995 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:AlpineProtecetedAreas_nature_reserve nature reserves are natural areas dedicated to protecting or restoring certain species or habitats that are important on an international, national or regional level. Further information at alparc.org nature_reserve EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.692886493051396 16.335675005909742 43.58762194776033 48.518485581018815 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:AlpineProtecetedAreas_particular_protection_s Particular protection status areas include differenet protected areas categories established on the regional/local level. The protection status of these areas varies by country and region. AlpineProtecetedAreas_particular_protection_status EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.366817069286814 16.381333568255734 43.29467762772611 48.52747350770943 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:AlpineTownOfTheYear0 "With passion for the Alps" - the members of the Alpine Town of the Year Association are committed to a sustainable future. More on www.alpinetowns.org features AlpineTownOfTheYear town EPSG:4326 CRS:84 5.92282932599861 15.6383675210632 44.3839484957812 47.7271421586239 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:Alpine_Convention_Perimeter_2025 Perimeter of the Alpine Convention region. Updated in 2025 from the previous version (2018). alpine convention perimeter EPSG:3035 CRS:84 4.50065724325576 16.584241536452804 43.33388261926082 48.538924030535604 other other text/xml other other other other geonode:Average_cumulated_daily_precipitation This dataset shows the daily average precipitation (mm/day) in the Alpine Region in the period 1971-2008. Isotta, F.A. et al. 2014: The climate of daily precipitation in the Alps: development analysis of a high-resolution grid dataset from pan-Alpine rain-gauge data. Int. J. Climatol., 34: 1657-1675. doi: 10.1002/joc.3794. precipiations EPSG:3857 CRS:84 1.1499999999999588 17.768832756211104 42.68283373776823 49.170373640993404 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:BaP_annual_concentration The monitorization of carcinogenic pollutants is essential in determining the air quality of a specific area. Therefore, the extensive monitoring of benzo(a)pyrene (Bap), although occasionally, is carried out throughout the Alpine region, mainly at urban or suburban background locations. Benzo(a)Pyrene concentration levels comply with the EU threshold (1 ng/m3) at most sites, and an overall decrease of concentrations was observed in 2018. The layer shows the annual mean concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in 2018 in the Alpine region. Strict exceedances of the EU target value are plotted in red. Indeed, unless a Member State decides the contrary, values in orange are not exceedances according to the current EU rules. Benzo(a)pyrene B(a)P EPSG:3857 CRS:84 5.278971663563419 15.074500772881704 44.41222725240547 47.7975004462876 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:Changes_surface_temperature_tif Projected changes in annual near surface temperature in Southern Europe 2021 - 2050 in ° C. This raster layer shows the projected variation of near surface temperature between the period 2021-2050 and the reference period 1971-2000. Variation of near surface temperature between the period 2021-2050 and the reference period 1971-2000, obtained as the average of EUROCORDEX rcp45 ensemble scenarios. temperature EPSG:3857 CRS:84 -10.024999999999718 31.02800848426241 33.96905062486552 52.025000000000375 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:Country_Euroglobal Alpine Convention country boundaries AC_countries EPSG:3034 CRS:84 -7.062761712613047 21.40975115642875 34.75601118702044 55.05352593993775 other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other text/xml other geonode:DisposableHouseIncome_UTF80 The indicator shows the disposable income of households collected in Euroastats Regional economic accounts. RSA10 income economic household DisposableHouseIncome_UTF8 features EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.2963941592582637 17.28906613135461 42.843811497361465 49.13272136040497 other other other other other text/xml other geonode:EUSALP_full The layer shows the perimeter of EUSALP. EUSALP is the Macroregional Strategy of the EU for the Alpine Region, which includes 7 Countries, of which are 5 EU Member States (Austria, France, Germany, Italy and Slovenia) and 2 non-EU countries (Liechtenstein and Switzerland), and 48 Regions. https://www.alpine-region.eu/ EUSALP_full features EPSG:4326 CRS:84 2.06290793418884 17.1607990264893 42.9818572998047 50.5642280578613 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:EcoStatAlpRiv0 The pan–Alpine overview of the river network is based on official data provided by national/regional administration. Most of the data are part of national river basin management plans reported in the frame of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). The WFD defines obligations to assess the ecological status of all rivers. Biological quality elements, such as fishes or benthic invertebrates, serve as indicators to classify rivers into five ecological status classes ranging from high (1) to bad (5) ecological status. Based on the WFD, all natural rivers have to reach at least a good ecological status, while artificial (AWB) or heavily modified waterbodies (HMWB) have to reach a good ecological potential. Rivers with a good ecological status may only show slight deviations from a river with high ecological status (i.e. with only minor or no anthropogenic impacts). Furthermore, there is a prohibition to cause a deterioration of the ecological status. This clear and fundamental mission for protection is specifically addressed by highlighting the “ecological status” within the Alpine Arc. Ecological status (EU countries) and ecological value (a surrogate parameter for Switzerland based on Muhar et al. 2013) were assembled from national data. It should be noted, that some regions of the Alpine Arc show a high amount of rivers designated with “high or good ecological status”. This can be explained e.g. by the application of different monitoring approaches. Additionally, for some regions big data gaps were identified by spatial analyses within SPARE. Thus, the ‘overall picture’ has to be viewed in the light of these partly biased results. More detailed information including the evaluation process can be found in the “Report on the status of Alpine river ecosystems” (https://spare.boku.ac.at/media/other/D.T4.1.1_Pan_Alpine_GIS_database_inclAnnex_20181114.pdf). RSA6 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.4822564245834995 16.583704072101433 43.35353057801236 48.529122303103584 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other text/xml other other geonode:EmployedCommuting0 The indicator shows share of employed persons commuting to work to NUTS 2 region other than the one they live in. The source for the regional labour market information down to NUTS level 2 is the EU Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS). This is a quarterly household sample survey conducted in all Member States of the EU, the United Kingdom, EFTA and Candidate countries. features RSA10 EmployedCommuting commuting employed EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.2963941592582637 17.28906613135461 42.843811497361465 49.13272136040497 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:EmployedInService Share of employed persons in sectors J (information and communication) and MN (professional, scientific and technical activites; administratice and support service activities) according to NACE categories. EmployedInService NACE service sector RSA10 features employed EPSG:3035 CRS:84 4.192230327311095 17.237769716810995 42.843811497361465 48.778281154582295 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:EnvironmentSatisfaction Average score of responses to question "How satisfied are you with the environment?" in the survey on Quality of Life conducted for RSA10. RSA10 satisfaction EnvironmentSatisfaction environment features EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.2963941592582637 17.28906613135461 42.843811497361465 49.13272136040497 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:GovIndex Average citizens’ perceptions and experiences with corruption, quality and impartiality of three essential public services – health, education and policing corruption public services policing Government GovIndex RSA10 features EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.2963941592582637 17.28906613135461 42.843811497361465 49.13272136040497 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:GovSatisfaction Average score of responses to question "How satisfied are you with governance (administration, politics)?" in the survey on Quality of Life conducted for RSA10. politics satisfaction governance GovSatisfaction RSA10 features administration EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.2963941592582637 17.28906613135461 42.843811497361465 49.13272136040497 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:HNV_Farmland_prj3857_tif High Nature Value farmland is used as an agro-environmental indicator in the EUROSTAT system and is defined as “the percentage of Utilized Agricultural Area (UAA) farmed to generate High Nature Value (HNV)” (EUROSTAT, 2017). The concept of high nature value farmland refers to the causality between certain types of farming activity and corresponding environmental outcomes, including high levels of biodiversity and the presence of environmentally valuable habitats and species (EUROSTAT, 2017). Typical HNV areas are extensively grazed uplands, Alpine meadows as well as pasture lands with particular interests for nature conservation because of their high biodiversity (Paracchini et al. 2008). The map presents the likelihood of HNV farmland presence in the Alps, indicating that in most parts of this area the likelihood of HNV is high. RSA6 EPSG:3857 CRS:84 4.429092047559785 16.75846932210022 43.22235222061677 48.69565667864463 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:InfraServSatisfaction Average score of responses to question "How satisfied are you with infrastructure and services?" in the survey on Quality of Life conducted for RSA10. InfraServSatisfaction satisfaction infrastructure RSA10 features service EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.2963941592582637 17.28906613135461 42.843811497361465 49.13272136040497 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:LAU_RG_01M_2024_3035 Local Administrative Unit, entirely or partially under the perimeter of the Alpine Convention. Based on Eurostat data 2024. EN: © EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries municipalities features LAU_RG_01M_2024_3035 EPSG:3035 CRS:84 4.500674291773074 16.581190866058105 43.33404505767815 48.53877532109514 other other other other other text/xml other geonode:LUCAS15_Alp_and_CH LUCAS15 soil sampling stations in the Alps with data from Switzerland features EPSG:4326 CRS:84 5.05454158782959 16.3288917541504 43.6336517333984 48.2407913208008 other other other text/xml other text/xml other other other other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:LU_CLC_2012_Alpine_Signals_tif This map displays the Alpine land cover types and their distribution, and is based on an elaboration of the data from the CORINE Land Cover database. The indicator shows the “Artificial surfaces”, the ”Agricultural areas” and the “Water bodies” first level classes of the CORINE nomenclature, whereas CORINE’s class “Forests and semi-natural areas” was modified: its two subclasses “Forests” and “Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations” have been kept together, whereas the third subclass “Open spaces with little or no vegetation” is displayed as an independent category (“http://land.copernicus.eu/eagle/files/eagle-related-projects/pt_clc-conversion-to-fao-lccs3_dec2010”). This reclassification allows to highlight the high share of open spaces with little or no vegetation within the Alpine region, and to distinguish them from the areas covered with forests or scrub/vegetation. The map shows that the Alpine region is predominantly covered with forests and scrub/vegetation areas and that open spaces also take up a significant share of its territory. On the other hand, agricultural areas and artificial surfaces are not as extended and are primarily located in the outer parts of the Alpine arc, along the Alpine Convention perimeter or in valley bottoms. land_cover RSA6 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 3.9731788329649227 17.323575415575643 43.04343409468612 48.7883927023713 other other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other text/xml other other other other text/xml other other geonode:Mean_Surface_Temperature_tif This dataset shows the gridded average near surface temperature (in °C) over the Alpine Region in the period 1971-2000. The temperature dataset was created by merging high resolution climate mean grids (1961-1990) for each month and long-term-monthly station data. temperature EPSG:3857 CRS:84 4.0416666666667 18.998616147256733 43.038241379591334 48.958333333331005 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:NUTS2_RG_01M_2024_3035 The Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics (NUTS) is a geocode standard for referencing the subdivisions of countries for statistical purposes. The standard is developed and regulated by the European Union, and thus only covers the member states of the EU. This layer consists of all NUTS 2 units (basic regions for the application of regional policies) that are entirely or partly within the perimeter of the Alpine Convention. NUTS2_RG_01M_2024_3035 NUTS2 features EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.297461385162308 17.289065983972225 42.844116521331074 49.13271979156838 other other other other other other text/xml geonode:NUTS3_RG_01M_2024_3035 The Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics (NUTS) is a geocode standard for referencing the subdivisions of countries for statistical purposes. The standard is developed and regulated by the European Union, and thus only covers the member states of the EU. This layer consists of all NUTS 3 units (small regions for specific diagnoses) that are entirely or partly within the perimeter of the Alpine Convention. features NUTS3 NUTS3_RG_01M_2024_3035 EPSG:3035 CRS:84 4.192226434779781 17.237774330299217 42.844116521331074 48.778314002741055 other other text/xml other other other other geonode:PM2_5_annual_mean_AP The Alps' air quality monitoring results show that PM2.5 pollution is an issue all over the Alpine Convention perimeter. The layer shows the annual mean concentration of PM2.5 in 2018 in the Alps. PM2.5 EPSG:3857 CRS:84 5.278971663563419 15.152778843845772 43.9334746682802 48.021659736428944 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:PopGrowthTrend Population growth calculated from Eurostat data. POPSTAT is Eurostat’s main annual demographic data collection and aims to gather information on demography and migration at national and regional levels by various breakdowns. PopGrowthTrend Population growth population RSA10 features EPSG:3035 CRS:84 4.192230327311095 17.237769716810995 42.843811497361465 48.778281154582295 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:Population_Density_AS_3857_tif The map shows the allocation of population (inhabitants/km²) within the perimeter of the Alpine Space Programme, displaying the population density per km². The population density within the Alpine Convention area is generally lower than in the surrounding lowlands: while the population within the Alpine Convention area is about 14.2 million people, there are about 61 million people living within the Alpine Space Programme area. Many of them – especially in Italy – are very close to the Alpine Convention area. In the Permanent Settlement Areas, the average population density reaches 414 people/km², which is comparable to densely populated areas outside the Alps. Favourable areas may have even much higher densities such as the regions around Grenoble 6,282 people/km², Lugano 2,097 people/km², and Innsbruck 1,444 people/km². This is comparable to European capitals such as Berlin (3,812 people/km²) and Vienna (4,025 people/km²). RSA6 EPSG:3857 CRS:84 3.2580842859254138 17.29875217671354 42.84236385211927 49.13329269742818 other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:PovertyRisk1 Share of people in NUTS 2 regions that are at risk of poverty or social exclusion. The data is obtained from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) which collects timely and comparable multidimensional microdata on income, poverty, social exclusion and living conditions. RSA10 PovertyRisk poverty features EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.2963941592582637 17.28906613135461 42.843811497361465 49.13272136040497 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:PrematureDeaths Deaths due to PM2.5 that occur before a person reaches the typical life expectancy for a country stratified by sex and age. Premature deaths are considered preventable if their causes can be eliminated. RSA10 Premature deaths death PM2.5 EPSG:3035 CRS:84 4.192230327311095 17.237769716810995 42.843811497361465 48.778281154582295 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_III_Change_used_agricultural_area The map shows changes in agricultural land area (%). Traditional agricultural areas and their related settlements in the Alps have been abandoned in recent years, as a consequence of two main elements: the more attractive jobs available in services and industry sectors; and the increasing concentration of economic power, labour markets and public services in the main alpine cities. Despite structural changes, mountain farms tend to be quite small structured and they normally have a higher cost level than farms in the valley areas. Thus, from the 1950s onwards, marginal land with low yields has successively been taken out of agricultural use. However, this development varies greatly in intensity between regions: while in the South Tyrol, one of the most productive regions of the Alps, only about 6% of farming land has been abandoned within the last 150 years, the figure stands at 33% for the Tyrolean uphill areas, 37% in the region around Innsbruck and reaches 67% in the Carnia region (Frioul region) (Knickel, Tisenkopfs and Peter, 2008). Between 1990 and 2000, Slovenia, Italy and Germany have shown particularly severe reductions of their area used for agriculture. Small reductions have occurred in Austria and Switzerland. In Switzerland, calculations in the framework of the national research programme (NFP 48) predicts that until 2015 ca. 20% of active farms in the year 2002 will not continue their activity due to generation change. Some areas, however, show a reversal trend. For example, a slight increase can be noted mainly in the west Austrian and in the French Maritime Alps (Knickel, Tisenkopfs and Peter, 2008). RSA3 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482708283722191 16.588897561269967 43.33425115217142 48.537762895754526 other other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other text/xml other other text/xml geonode:RSA_III_Farms_run_a_part_time_concern The map shows the farms run part-time to total farms (%). RSA3 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482708283722191 16.588897561269967 43.33425115217142 48.537762895754526 other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_III_Population_density_available_settleme A Population density is a basic indicator in evaluating the human pressure on space and in distinguishing between rural and urban areas (OECD 1994). By using this indicator it is possible to depict processes of agglomeration and urbanisation. Throughout the whole Alpine Convention area, the average density is 73 people per sq. km Compared to the national values (e.g. Germany: 231.1 Inh./sq .km, Italy: 197.1 Inh./sq. km; EUROSTAT 2004), the Alps are one of the least populated regions in Europe. The distribution of the population density in the Alpine Convention area significantly reflects the topographical situation. Higher population densities occur along the alpine fringe and the foothills of the Alps. Numerous small centres have developed there. Due to the favorable site conditions the settlement comes into conflict with agricultural land use. In contrast to the large intra-alpine valleys the peripheral alpine areas with poor accessibility are characterised by municipalities with low population density. These were found in areas close to the central mountain chain. RSA3 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482708283722191 16.588897561269967 43.33425115217142 48.537762895754526 other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_III_Private_service_sector_jobs The map shows the private sector jobs to job total % RSA3 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482708283722191 16.588897561269967 43.33425115217142 48.537762895754526 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_III_Public_service_sector_jobs The map shows the public sector jobs to job total % The public sector is the part of the economy concerned with providing various government services. The composition of the public sector varies by country, but in most countries the public sector includes such services as the military, police, public transit and care of public roads, public education and health care. RSA3 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482708283722191 16.588897561269967 43.33425115217142 48.537762895754526 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_III_Road_distance_to_nearest_hospital The map shows the road distance to the nearest hospital (in km). Services of general interest (sometimes also called public services, basic services, services of general economic interest, etc.) are a necessary pre-condition for the competitiveness and attractiveness of a territory. They are equally important for private households as well as for enterprises. A new enterprise trying to install itself in a rural area will expect to have services like broadband access, access to the road network, public transport, etc. Similarly, private households rely on the daily delivery of their postal services, the availability of food shops, of educational services and access to hospitals. The lack of those services might inhibit the localisation of new enterprises or force people to leave a certain territory. RSA3 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482708283722191 16.588897561269967 43.33425115217142 48.537762895754526 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_III_Road_distance_to_regional_capital The map shows the road distance to the nearest regional capital (km). RSA3 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482708283722191 16.588897561269967 43.33425115217142 48.537762895754526 other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_III_Secondary_sector_jobs_year The map shows the secondary sector jobs to job total % The secondary sector of the economy includes those economic sectors that produce a finished, usable product: production and construction. The importance of the secondary sector for the alpine areas tends to be overlooked and thus underestimated. This is also due to the fact, that very few analytical studies are available on that topic for the whole alpine arc. Starting from the end of the 19th century, the Alps became largely industrialised. The alpine areas attracted industries because of the availability of energy (hydropower) and manpower. Some industries were also placed in the Alps for political, strategic and military reasons. The increased accessibility by train and road enabled long distance transport of raw materials into the Alps to be transformed and then re-transported out of the Alps. Together with the increasing tourism, the industrialisation of the Alps profoundly changed the economic and social situation of the Alps from a rural society based on agriculture to a modern society. The secondary sector still plays a major role in different areas of the alpine arc. The share of the secondary sector in the overall number of jobs exceeds 50% following the southern border of the Alpine Convention perimeter in Italy and Slovenia. The high influence from the industrial centres in Torino, Milano, Brescia, Verona as well as the high share of industry in Slovenia can be seen on the map. Also in numerous municipalities situated in inner alpine valleys, the secondary sector represents more than 50% of the total number of jobs. Those Industrial enterprises play a crucial role for the labour market not only for the municipalities where they are located but also for the surrounding municipalities. RSA3 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482708283722191 16.588897561269967 43.33425115217142 48.537762895754526 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_III_Tertiary_sector_jobs_year The map shows the tertiary sector jobs to job total % Tertiary sector refers to the commercial services that support the production and distribution process, e.g. insurance, transport, advertising, leisure, warehousing and other services such as leisure and recreation. The Alps are one of the most popular recreation spaces in Europe (Fleming, 2004). At first, this activity complemented other economic branches but gradually it developed to the extent that it became indispensable and the most important economic sector for many alpine areas. Nowadays, many rural mountain regions are characterised by well-developed tourist industries. The Alpine Convention area comprises 190.558 km2 (Ruffini et al. 2004), which includes 5.954 municipalities. In 2004, around 14 million people were living in this area. Today the population in the Alpine Convention area is twice as much as it was at the end of the 19th century. Austria and Italy together with 55.5% represent the largest share in the Alpine Convention area. More than half of the Alpine population (53.5%) is concentrated in these areas of the Alps. During the 1990s the population in the Alpine Convention area increased by 7,8%. The demographic process is not homogeneously spread across the Alpine regions. Areas with growth and decline are located closely together. The highest population growth was registered in Germany and in Liechtenstein. In contrast, the lowest was recorded in the Slovenian Alps. RSA3 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482708283722191 16.588897561269967 43.33425115217142 48.537762895754526 other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other other text/xml other other other other other other geonode:RSA_II_AC_Basin Overview river basins on European scale: The area of the Alps in Europe is very small and supplies a disproportionate amount of water. In Italy the perimeter of the Alpine Convention includes also a tiny part of the Northern Apennines district. RSA2 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 -0.28312743142074503 32.53096020395898 40.91205138899551 53.61927576348448 other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other text/xml other geonode:RSA_II_AC_River_Basin Overview of the river in the Alpine Convention and across the relative basin. RSA2 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 -0.19129620916521548 32.27608657928103 41.16409027201495 53.30257755925049 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_II_HydroPower_AC The Map shows approximately 550 hydropower stations with a power output greater than 10 Mega Watt (MW) in the Alpine space, highlighting the current status with a high number of small and a few large hydropower stations. Hydropower generation is one of the key issues in Alpine water management. Apart from being a key economic asset for the whole Alpine perimeter, the benefits of hydropower as a highly reliable and largely CO2-free renewable source for electricity production and its contribution towards satisfying the energy demand of the Alpine states is of considerable importance besides the additional value of helping to stabilize the European energy grid. However, since growing energy demand, increased prices for electricity as well as CO2 reduction targets for act as drivers in Alpine water management, advising further expansions and additional facilities, these developments are causing pressures on the ecological status of river systems. In this context, new projects for hydropower generation are currently again at the heart of controversial debates. RSA2 hydropower EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.744482977057709 16.244431439110894 43.48750453413448 48.528094303425455 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_II_Nitrate_Concentration_GW With respect to nitrates in Alpine groundwater, the map gives an overview of the concentrations as measured by the national monitoring networks. Due to the absence of intensive agricultural activities as the potential main source of nutrients in combination with high precipitation rates, the inner-Alpine area shows low concentrations of nitrates in groundwater below 25 mg/l NO3. Increased concentrations between 25 and 40 mg/l, and only in very few cases, more than 40 mg/l can occur in the lower regions and outskirts of the Alpine arc, where the pre-conditions for agricultural activities are more favourable. An example of an impacted groundwater body in Bavaria caused by agriculture with increased nitrate concentrations was given in the previous chapter. However, due to the absence of main pressures potentially impacting the quality of groundwater bodies, nutrient pollution is therefore generally considered to be a minor problem for groundwater in the Alpine area. RSA2 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.692491318303779 16.17458294352247 43.424871162182015 48.089380991582075 text/xml other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other geonode:RSA_II_Nitrate_Concentration_Rivers In the case of Alpine rivers, nutrient concentrations are largely very low as shown in the map, with values less than 10 mg/l and in many cases even less than 2 mg/l for nitrates (NO3). Only in very few cases, the values reach levels up to 25 mg/l – a number which still can be considered as unproblematic to human health, since the threshold value for nitrates in drinking water is specified at 50 mg/l in most of the Alpine states. RSA2 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.896135557304917 16.401988385288682 43.61133947475184 48.27222047432573 other other other other other text/xml other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_II_Surface_Water_Quality_Monitoring_Site1 Monitoring networks for water quality Appropriate programmes for monitoring water quality and the assessment of the status of waters have been in place in all countries within the Alpine perimeter. Since 2007 all programmes for monitoring water quality in EU member states have been based on the provisions of the EU Water Framework Directive. RSA2 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.6170480231171025 16.4119934285904 43.38223537414727 48.38275888401035 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_II_Surface_Water_Quantity_Monitoring_Site Monitoring networks of gauging stations within the Alpine perimeter for the assessment of discharges of rivers and the water levels of lakes. RSA2 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.571149354960933 16.500410670869716 43.39398276890747 48.52943487001919 other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_II_Trophic_Status_Lakes Trophic status of alpine lakes larger than 5 squared km. (SI has no lakes > larger than 5 squared km) RSA2 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 5.422094249573132 14.737583550008637 44.474725081061806 47.9746619634641 other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other text/xml other other other other other other other other other geonode:RSA_II_WHYMAP_GW_NatBord Overview of the major groundwater resources of the Alpine Convention area RSA2 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.257509107597843 16.776956264685555 42.904013989353224 48.76210384063357 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_IV_IND_1_PopBasedTFI_Beds TFI= (N*100)/P where N= number of bedspaces and P = population. Period 2010. The population based Tourism Function index (bedspace) represents a demand-oriented It measures the geographic distribution of tourism facilities, in this case hotel and similar establishments, and its quantitative dimension. Generally, it can be stated that if there is a large number of bedspace and few inhabitants, then the TFI will be high. In the central Alpine area (including the regions of South Tyrol, parts of Trentino, Vorarlberg, Tyrol, Salzburg, East Tyrol, parts of Kärnten, Eastern parts of CH and parts of Bavaria) the Population based TFI is almost homogeneous, with high values, while towards the eastern part of the Alps the figures tend to decrease and to the west they appear to be scattered and heterogeneous. Austria, Germany and Italy are the countries where the highest Population based TFI (overnights) is registered, amounting respectively to 1,820, 1,587 and 1,154. The NUTS2 regions with the highest TFI indicator are the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (I), Tyrol and Salzburg (A). Concerning the French department data, the NUTS3 departments bordering with Italy and particularly Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Savoie show higher tourism intensity than those in the west of the Alpine region. RSA4 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_IV_IND_2_PopBasedTFI_Overnight TFI= (N*100)/P where N= number of overnights and P = population. Period 2010. The population based Tourism Function index (overnights) represents a demand-oriented indicator. Generally, it can be stated that if there is a large number of overnights and few inhabitants, then the TFI will be high. In the central Alpine area (including the regions of South Tyrol, parts of Trentino, Vorarlberg, Tyrol, Salzburg, East Tyrol, parts of Kärnten, Eastern parts of CH and parts of Bavaria) the Population based TFI is almost homogeneous, with high values, while towards the eastern part of the Alps the figures tend to decrease and to the west they appear to be scattered and heterogeneous. Austria, Germany and Italy are the countries where the highest Population based TFI (overnights) is registered, amounting respectively to 1,820, 1,587 and 1,154. The NUTS2 regions with the highest TFI indicator are the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (I), Tyrol and Salzburg (A). Concerning the French department data, the NUTS3 departments bordering with Italy and particularly Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Savoie show higher tourism intensity than those in the west of the Alpine region. RSA4 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other other text/xml other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_IV_IND_4_AreaBasedTFI_overnight TFI= (N*100)/P where N= number of overnights and P = area in km^2. Period 2010. The area based Tourism Function Index describes the number of overnights related to the municipality area and represents a demand-oriented indicator. The overall picture is similar to that of the Area based TFI (beds), but the concentration of overnights per km2 is even stronger in the central part of the Alps and in the area where France, Italy and Switzerland border. National values of the index show that Germany is definitely the country with the highest Area based TFI (overnights) (222,427), followed by Austria (117,756) and Italy (101,231). The NUTS2 regions with highest concentration of overnights per km2 are the same as those having the highest Population based TFI (overnights), - i.e. the Autonomous province of Bolzano (I), Schwaben (D), Tyrol and Salzburg (A). There are several municipalities with very high figures and they are located almost only in the central Alpine area (especially in the Dolomites) or surrounding Alpine lakes (Lago di Garda, Lago Maggiore, Lago di Lugano). Urban areas such as Innsbruck (A), Bolzano (I), Aosta (I), Chambery (F) and Grenoble (F) show higher values than mountainous areas. RSA4 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other text/xml other geonode:RSA_IV_IND_5_AverageStay_2010 ALS = overnights/arrivals. Period 2010. In most parts of the Alps, four nights is the usual length of overnight stays. The average length of stay in the whole Alpine Convention territory amounts to 3-4 days and only 11.2% of the Alpine municipalities (651 out of the 5,809) register an average length of stay higher than four days. It seems that the more central the location in the Alps, the longer the stay. Vice versa the destinations close to larger cities (e.g. Bozen/Bolzano, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt) or at the borders of the Alpine area are characterized by short stays of no more than three days. Overnight stays longer than six days are the exception and can be found only in places distributed heterogeneously over the whole Alpine region. RSA4 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other text/xml other other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_IV_IND_6_AverageStay_2001_2010 ALS = overnights/arrivals. Period 2001-2010 The average length of stay in the Alps has generally decreased between 2001 and 2010 (-11.8%). The holiday duration in 2001 amounted to almost 4 days (3.9), while in 2010 it reached 3.5 days. The decrease appears to be very homogeneous and on national scale it ranges from -20% in Slovenia to -11% in Italy. The NUTS2 regions showing higher decreases are Kärnten (-19%) and Vorarlberg (-17%) in Austria. Nevertheless, there are a few municipalities located in the Eastern or Western part of the Alpine area showing positive variations, mainly due to the fact that they entered the tourism business after 2001. RSA4 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 text/xml other other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_I_IND_1_Change_Farm_90_00_nuts3 Relative change in number of farms in the Alpine Convention area between 1990 - 2000 (at NUTS3 level). The change in farms between 1990 and 2000 shows regions with a relatively stable or moderate agricultural change such as Alto Adige/Südtirol, Central Switzerland and the German Alps, which stand out distinctly from the regions with a strong decrease in agriculture of more than 40%, particularly in the Italian Alps (Eurac 2006). In most cases this is due to the lack of possible successors and heirs, who left to look for alternative employment opportunities in other sectors (Baur 2000; Buchli et al. 2002; Schmitt & Burose 1995). Land use changed with a clear tendency towards intensification in favourable areas and extensification or even abandonment in disadvantaged areas (Tappeiner et al. 2003; Taillefumier & Piégay 2003). These changes may endanger the balance of the mountainous environment and the vitality of life in rural areas (Piorr 2003; Hietala-Koivu 2002; Perner & Malt 2003; Varotto 2004; Varotto & Psenner 2003). RSA1 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482595085290186 16.58902142658835 43.33424115843223 48.538742301725065 other other other other other other text/xml other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_I_IND_2_gdp_capital_nuts3 Economic performance is normally measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) . As with many other national-economic indicators, this aggregated value is restricted to a given administrative unit. In this analysis the considered GDP data was only available for the entire NUTS-3 regions (provinces). The distribution of the per-capita GDP in the Alpine arc on NUTS-3 level depicts significant disparities between the central parts and the eastern and western foothills of the Alpine arc and also within the same country. Interestingly, the southern foothills in Italy are generally characterised by a quite high per-capita GDP. Considering the aforementioned, these NUTS-3 regions that only partly cover the perimeter of the Alpine Convention territory attain one of the highest values. A similar phenomenon can be observed at the northern Alpine fringes (Germany, Switzerland). The respective regions of Oberbayern and the cantons of Glarus, Nidwalden as well as Salzburg and Liechtenstein are attaining minimum average per-capita GDPs above 30,000 EUR. RSA1 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482595085290186 16.58902142658835 43.33424115843223 48.538742301725065 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_I_IND_3_Migration_Balance The development of migration in the 1990s shows a relatively heterogeneous structure. A more negative migration balance can be observed in the internal areas, while the areas near the borders have registered a positive migration rate. In the French Alps there were only small changes and in comparison with other Alpine regions the migration rates turned out to be stable, as municipalities have few inhabitants and therefore can show low absolute but high relative changes. While almost all municipalities in the German Alps show a high positive migration balance, many Austrian municipalities in most of the federal states suffer from population decrease. RSA1 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482595085290186 16.58902142658835 43.33424115843223 48.538742301725065 other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other text/xml other geonode:RSA_I_IND_4_Metropol_Agglomerates Urban centers and their agglomerations (Inhabitants). The development of the centres and agglomerations is very important both for trans- and intra-Alpine transport. The centres and the agglomerations (see box on Periurbanisation) constitute a living space for a large number of people with specific mobility requirements. The larger centres within the Alpine arc are located mainly in the river basins and large intra-Alpine valleys (Etsch, Rhône, Inn, Aosta, Isère). Thus external and internal accessibility play a significant role. Moreover, all big intra-Alpine cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants are very easily accessible from the outer-alpine area by highways, railways etc. (Torricelli 1996). RSA1 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 5.502908741293181 15.778746945592331 45.13074078131215 47.87021501443687 other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_I_IND_5_Pop_Density_2005_nut5 No abstract provided features EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482595085290186 16.58902142658835 43.33424115843223 48.538742301725065 other text/xml other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other geonode:RSA_I_IND_6_Tourism_Intensity_Alps The intensity of tourism is usually defined by the number of beds in accommodation businesses per resident population For France the number of beds in second homes per inhabitant were considered in addition to the tourism intensity. The spatial distribution of the tourism centres in the Alps follows the topography. They are often close to the main Alpine ridge. Municipalities in the lower Alpine regions are generally of low tourism intensity. Not surprisingly, regions of very high tourism intensity are mostly skiing areas. In Austria, this applies to well-known skiing destinations in the Alps, e.g. Ischgl or Saalbach-Hinterglemm, Kitzbühel, Zillertal, Stubai or Ötztal and to the Hohe and Niedere Tauern ridge. In France, where some of the skiing resorts are only sparsely populated, municipalities near ski resorts such as Tignes, Val d’Isère or Alpe d’Huez are characterised by a high or very high tourism intensity. The Dolomite mountain ridge and the Valle d’Aosta are respective examples for Italy. Here, Lago di Garda is one important non-skiing tourist destination. In Switzerland the tourism centres with the highest intensities are also connected to high Alpine areas, e.g. Adelboden or Lauterbrunn in the Berner Oberland or St. Moritz. As only beds in hotel businesses are statistically registered, tourism intensity is not as distinct here. The few places in German Alpine regions with high tourism intensity are Bad Hindelang and Oberstdorf in Oberallgäu as well as Ramsau near Berchtesgaden. In Slovenia, Kranjska Gora, the Triglav National Park area and the Cerkljansko area are the most important tourist destinations within the Alps. RSA1 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.48258830941875 16.58905035888463 43.33424003771577 48.53880273509975 other other other other other other other other text/xml other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_I_IND_7_TouristArrivlas_AT The indicator “tourism intensity” identified tourism centers marked by a high provision of tourism facilities (see Map "Tourism intensity in Alpine municipalities). However, in the context of transport, the use of tourism facilities is of importance. For this reason, absolute numbers of arrivals were taken into account. These highlight municipalities most likely to induce high volumes of tourism related traffic. RSA1 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 9.517807351801192 16.58902142658835 46.282719377038354 48.53900500924198 other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_I_IND_8_Unemployement_2005_nuts3 Unemployment rate in the Alpine Convention area in 2004/2005 (on NUTS-3 level)*. The distribution of the unemployment rates confirms a concentration of economic welfare close to the well-developed and easily accessible intra-Alpine areas. A clear demarcation between the Alpine fringe and the Alpine centres is observable (Map B2-2): the regions with the highest unemployment rates are situated on the peripheral western and eastern fringes of the Alps, while those with moderate rates are located in the central parts of the Alps. The unemployment rate in the Alpine arc amounted to almost 6% in 2003 (BAK 2005) and is lower than the average value of the EU-15 which amounted to 8% in the same year (EUROSTAT 2004). It varies regional between 14.2% in Podravska/Slovenia and 1.2% in the Swiss Canton of Uri. 13 NUTS-3 regions out of 99 are attaining an unemployment rate below the 3% threshold. Besides eight Swiss cantons and Liechtenstein also four Italian provinces (Cuneo, Bolzano, Lecco, Belluno) are below that threshold. * The relatively high rate of unemployment of Austrian Tirol is probably due to seasonal variations caused by tourism and the reason is probably the same for the Berchtesgaden area. The Rosenheim area has one of the highest unemployment rates in Oberbayern. unemployment RSA1 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482595085290186 16.58902142658835 43.33424115843223 48.538742301725065 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_I_IND_9_Road_Toll In order to describe intra-Alpine leisure and tourism transport, the traffic situation in the vicinity of tourism centres within the Alps was analysed in a more detailed way. For this purpose, traffic volumes on Census Points in Austria were utilized. RSA1 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 10.167870800659257 13.4829488178093 47.068859643768 47.42459801092475 other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_VI_AS_EEA_10kmgrid_2012_pm10_avg_tif The map shows the interpolated annual average of PM10 in the Alpine Space area in 2012. Particulate matter (PM) is dust suspended in air, which is categorised according to the size of particles below 10 μm (PM10) or below 2.5 μm (PM2.5). The particles originate from different sources. Depending on the sources, they are composed of different components, such as elemental carbon, heavy metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, sulphate, ammonia, nitrate and many others. Due to their size, they stay in the atmosphere for a certain time instead of sinking immediately to the ground. PM enters the human body mainly via respiration. The most important health effects of PM are on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, an increase of cardiac infarction and inflammatory reactions (EEA 2013). The map is derived primarily from Airbase background station monitoring data, few EMEP station monitoring data, supplemented with altitude, meteorological ECMWF data and EMEP concentration modelling data. As the map shows interpolated data primarily from background stations, the picture may be different if industrial and traffic stations were included. In this year, in the Alpine Convention area, the EU annual threshold for PM10 of 40 μg/m³ was not exceeded, while in some areas close to the Alps an exceedance of threshold can be observed. RSA6 EPSG:3035 CRS:84 2.845009837466132 18.082500602657735 42.65324991155786 49.39194711787556 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other geonode:RSA_VI_AS_Particulate_Matter_PM2_5_Annual_Average_tif The map shows the interpolated annual average of PM2.5 in the Alpine Space area in 2012. As the map shows interpolated data primarily from background stations, the picture may be different if industrial and traffic stations were included. Due to the interpolation, local hotspots of particle pollution caused by domestic heating with wood are not shown but frequently occur in the Alpine region. Particulate matter (PM) is dust suspended in air and is categorised according to the size of particles: below 10 μm (PM10) or below 2.5 μm (PM2.5). The particles originate from different sources. Depending on the sources, they are composed of different components, such as elemental carbon, heavy metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, sulphate, ammonia, nitrate and many others. Due to their size, the particles stay in the atmosphere for a certain time instead of sinking immediately to the ground. PM enters the human body mainly via respiration. The most important health effects of PM are on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, an increase of cardiac infarction and inflammatory reactions (EEA 2013). The interpolation shows PM2.5 exceedances to the EU annual threshold of 25 μg/m³ mainly at the southern borders of the Alpine Convention area as well as in background stations within the southern area. RSA6 EPSG:3035 CRS:84 2.845009837466132 18.082500602657735 42.65324991155786 49.39194711787556 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_VI_Permanent_Settlement_Areas The term Permanent Settlement Area refers to the area suitable for permanent settlement and agricultural use on a territory. The data presented here display an Alpine-wide standardised calculation carried out by Tappeiner et al. (2008), which takes in consideration the settlement area as well as the intensively used agricultural areas. Based on this analysis, and due to the topographic conditions in the Alps that limit the area available for infrastructure and urban settlements, about 17.3% of the overall Alpine area is available for permanent settlements. RSA6 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482703236374109 16.588913327456194 43.33424003771577 48.53777682819459 other other other other other text/xml other other text/xml other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_VI_Poverty_Rate The map shows the percentage of people at risk of poverty in the Alpine Convention area at NUTS2 level. Eurostat (2017) defines the at-risk-of-poverty rate as “the share of people with an equivalised disposable income (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Equivalised_disposable_income) (after social transfer) below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold, which is set at 60 % of the national median equivalised disposable income after social transfers. This indicator does not measure wealth or poverty, but low income in comparison to other residents in that country, which does not necessarily imply a low standard of living. RSA6 poverty EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.334309204785285 48.53824745644714 other other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2012_Inds_1_11_Crude_birth_rate The crude birth rate is the number of live births occurring in the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2012_Inds_1_12_Crude_death_rate The crude death rate is the number of deaths occurring in the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year. The crude death rate (together with the crude birth rate) is the key component to understand the values and trends of natural change (see the relative map)For the Alpine territory in general, the crude death rate is strictly connected with phenomena such as ageing population, with higher values of this indicator where the population is older. Therefore, despite the complex picture, which presents a high variability, a higher crude death rate can be observed in those Alpine areas with a high incidence of the older shares of the population (for example, the more rural Alpine areas in Italy and Austria). The presence of foreign population with its young age structure, however, could be one of the factors that reduce the value of the indicator for territories where it is mainly present. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Demo_economic_clusters Considering the most relevant demographic, economic and social variables, the principal components were analysed and a cluster analysis was applied as well, for a more detailed assessment and a better classification of the diverse situation of the Alps with respect to the specific values in each territorial unit. Focusing our attention on groups of municipalities, we can analyse the Alpine area from a local viewpoint. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, six groups of municipalities were selected having peculiar characteristics when compared to the general average. On the map, the six groups of LAU 2 units have been represented with different colours. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_1_10_Natural_change Natural change represents the number of live births minus the number of deaths. The natural change is associated with the inputs and outputs from the population stock due to natural causes (births and deaths). This factor is therefore influenced by the population structure, in particular by the percentage of elderly people on the total of the population. This influence can be observed in the Alpine area, where lower values of natural change in areas characterised by a high total elderly population index can be observed. Areas characterised by decreasing values are mainly located throughout the Italian Alps, with remarkably low values on the western and eastern sides. A more fragmented framework is visible in other parts of France, Switzerland and Germany. Rather stable values can be observed in South-Western Austria. On the other hand, higher values can be found in a corridor from Liechtenstein to Central Austria, including South Tyrol in Italy and the Austrian Tyrol, where the total elderly population ageing index is lower. Similar trends are also visible in the French department of Haute-Savoie and the city of Grenoble and its surroundings. In Slovenia, the situation is complex, with higher rates of natural change near the city of Ljubljana and in the bottom valleys, and lower rates in the most remote areas. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_1_1_Total_resident_po Total resident population (absolute values). The amount of population usually resident in a specified geographic area (municipality). As of 2013, the Alps were inhabited by 14,232,088 people on a 190,717 sq. km territory, with an average population density of 74.6 inhabitants per sq. km. This makes the Alps one of the less populated areas in central Europe (although countries such as Greece and Ireland have similar population densities) but also one of the most densely inhabited mountain areas in the world (Permanent Secretariat of the Alpine Convention, 2007). The countries that contribute the most in percentage terms to the overall Alpine population are Italy (30.7%) and Austria (23.3%). France accounts for 18.9% of the Alpine population, Followed by Switzerland (13.6%), Germany (10.4%) and Slovenia (2.7%). Monaco and Liechtenstein, being also in terms of surface by far the smallest Alpine countries contribute with percentages below 1%. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_1_2_Women_per_100_res The amount of women usually resident in a specified geographic area (municipality) calculated per 100 residents. Distribution by gender is generally linked not only to the population’s reproductive ability, but also to its structure by age and to the characteristics of the labour market. In the Alps, population distribution by gender does not differ significantly from national averages and is fairly balanced: in the Italian Alps, women account for 51.1% of the total population (51.6% on the whole national territory), in the Slovenian Alps they account for 50.4% (in comparison with a national average of 50.5%). In Liechtenstein women amount to 50.5% of the population, while in France the Alpine values are quite similar to the national average, with 50.9% of women on the total population in the Alpine territory and 51.6% at national level. The same applies to the Swiss and German Alps, where Alpine figures in line with national averages can be observed. More details can be gained through the analysis of the municipal situation, which shows a homogeneous higher concentration of women in municipalities in the Eastern Alps, whereas the situation in the Western part is absolutely heterogeneous. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_1_3_Foreign_resident_ Foreign resident population (per 1,000 residents). A foreigner is a person who is not a citizen of the host country in which he or she is residing or temporarily sojourning. Migration is an important factor for the development of a region, especially for those areas which are subject to depopulation or population ageing, as is the case of the Alps. In these cases, the autonomous population may not be sufficient to fulfill labour demand or to counter lower birth rates or population ageing. This is why foreign population resident in a territory is an important indicator to understand demographic changes and their drivers and to analyse the labour market. In the Alpine area there is an average of 94.7 foreign residents per 1,000 residents, but the situation is very diverse according to the country taken into consideration: the lowest rate is in the Slovenian Alpine area with 41.3 foreign residents per 1,000 (followed by the French Alpine area with 62.3 foreign residents per 1,000), while the highest one is in Liechtenstein (335.0) and Switzerland (203.6). RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other text/xml text/xml other other other other other other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_1_5_Total_res_pop_agi Total resident population aging index (per cent residents), year 2012. Another indicator, closely connected to the percentage of the elderly population, but actually different and providing additional important information about population ageing is the total resident population ageing index, i.e. the ratio between inhabitants older than 64 and younger than 15 . This indicator gives an idea of the “substitution rate” in the population segmentation by age. In the Alps, the highest ageing population index is in the German Alps (155.1) while the lowest is in the French Alps (92.2). Except for France and Germany, figures in Alpine countries are always higher than the national averages (e. g., the Swiss Alpine index is 128.3, while the national average is 116.5). RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_1_6_Working_age_total Percentage of working-age total resident population (year 2013). The percentage on the total population of the residents aged from 15 to 64 (P15-64/P*100). The percentage of the working-age population, i.e. the population aged 15 to 64, is an important indicator, closely related to the labour market. The map shows the percentage of the working-age total resident population, calculated for the last available year (generally, 1 January 2013). The working age total resident population rate in the Alpine area is 65.5% with the minimum rate in Italy (64.1%) and the maximum rate in Liechtenstein (69.6%). National averages are higher than Alpine rates nearly in all these countries. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_1_7_Population_densit Number of residents per area unit (square kilometres). As of 2013, the Alps were inhabited by 14,232,088 people on a 190,717 km2 territory, with an average population density of 74.6 inhabitants per km2. This makes the Alps one of the less populated areas in central Europe (although countries such as Greece and Ireland have similar population densities) but also one of the most densely inhabited mountain areas in the world (Permanent Secretariat of the Alpine Convention, 2007). The countries that contribute the most in percentage terms to the overall Alpine population are Italy (30.7%) and Austria (23.3%). France accounts for 18.9% of the Alpine population, followed by Switzerland (13.6%), Germany (10.4%) and Slovenia (2.7%). Monaco and Liechtenstein, being also in terms of surface by far the smallest Alpine countries contribute with percentages below 1%. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_1_9_Population_growth Population growth rate (percent). It represents the average annual growth of the population in a specific time frame (2001-2011 or 2002-2012) using the formula: ((Pop_t – Pop_s)/ (Pop_s * (t-s)) where t = last year and s = first year. Demographic trends are not equally spread across the Alps and it is thus not possible to highlight a single trend regarding Alpine population. Moreover, areas affected by population growth and population loss are often located close to each other, suggesting that specific conditions linked to the different administrative units may also play a relevant role in these dynamics. Data show the highest population growth trends in Tyrol and Salzburg (AT); in Haute-Savoie, Savoie and Var (FR); in Valais, Ticino and in Central Switzerland (CH). In these prospering regions, the urbanisation of the urban valley towns is evident. Due to the influence of the growing tourism sector, population gains can be noticed also in remote municipalities that are not easily accessible, particularly in tourist sites in AT, FR,CH and IT. Population loss or stagnation can be observed in the Central-Eastern AT Alps, in the CH Canton of Uri, in areas of the IT Alps and in the upper areas of SL. Agglomeration processes are shown in the Alps, where the population tends to coagulate in the proximity of the urban areas and along the main transportation access routes. Different agglomeration levels can be observed, both within a single country and across countries. In FR, CH and DE, this process seems generally slower, with a lower population decrease in remote areas in comparison with IT and AT, where the situation varies greatly according to the territory considered and is not homogeneous, with a more severe population loss in more remote areas and a stable or increasing population along the main transportation roads and urban areas. Agglomeration processes seem to have gone at a steadier pace in the last 10 years in IT and AT, with respect to FR, DE and CH. RSA5 population EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_2_11_Completed_second Population with completed secondary education (per 1,000). The education level attained is classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). The expression ‘level successfully completed’ is associated with obtaining a certificate or a diploma. In cases where there is no certification, successful completion must be associated with full attendance. In this layer, we refer to upper and post-secondary non-tertiary education (ISCED 3-4). ISCED-3: upper secondary education – generally begins at the end of compulsory education; initial age is typically 15-16 years and entry qualifications and other minimum entry requirements are usually needed; education is often more subject-oriented and typical duration varies from two to five years. ISCED-4: post-secondary non-tertiary education – straddles the boundary between upper secondary and tertiary education; typical examples are programmes preparing pupils for studies at level 5 or for direct labour market entry. Education plays a vital economic and social role and its development can give important information on demographic trends (Eurostat, 2010): the presence of schools and universities (and the commuting distancesto them) can influence the persistence of young population and their families, at least during the school period. Education levels, labour markets and demography are dynamically intertwined. The younger and better qualified population is usually more mobile than the older generations: thus, the absence of an adequate job supply for qualified young people is likely to favour their emigration towards peri-Alpine areas with better opportunities and higher rates of highly qualified jobs. This phenomenon is also defined “brain drain” and is common to mountainous and other geographically marginal areas (Corrado et al., 2013). This may relate to different segments of society, but it seems particularly evident when it affects young people accessing higher education. RSA5 education EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other other other other text/xml other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_2_12_Completed_tertia Population with completed tertiary education (per 1,000 residents). ISCED level 5 and level 6 are considered for this indicator. ISCED level 5: tertiary education (first stage) – entry normally requires successful completion of level 3 or 4; it includes tertiary programmes with academic orientation which are largely theoretically based and occupation orientation programmes, which are typically shorter and geared towards entering the labour market. ISCED level 6: tertiary education (second stage) – leads to advanced research qualification (Ph.D. or doctorate). Education plays a vital economic and social role and the development of the education sector can give important information on the development of demographic trends (Eurostat, 2010). The presence of schools and universities and the commuting distances to education facilities can influence the persistence of young population and their families, at least during the school period. Moreover, education level, labour market and demographic trends are dynamically intertwined. The younger and better qualified population is usually more mobile than the older generations; therefore, the absence of an adequate job supply for qualified young people is likely to favour their movement towards peri-Alpine areas, where higher rates of highly qualified jobs can be found. This event, common to mountain areas and other geographically marginal areas, is also defined as “brain drain”, i.e. the emigration of skilled labour force to more favourable areas with better opportunities (Corrado et al., 2013). This may relate to different segments of society, but it seems particularly evident when it affects young people accessing to higher education. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_2_1_Inactivity_rate The inactivity rate used is obtained from the percentage ratio of non-participants in the labour force in the 15-64 age group with respect to the corresponding population. “Non-participants in the labour force” are defined as those individuals who are classified as neither being employed nor seeking work. The inactivity rate is higher in the Slovenian Alps (33.7% vs. 26% in the French Alps and 29.6% in the Italian Alps), which is also higher than the Slovenian domestic average (33.6%). The inactivity rate used is obtained from the percentage ratio of non-participants in the labour force in the 15-64 age group with respect to the corresponding population. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_2_2_Employment_rates Employment rate (per 100, by sex). The employment rate of the population aged 15-64 is obtained by the percentage ratio of employed individuals with respect to the population of the same age class. According to the labour force survey, harmonised at European level, a person is defined as employed if, in a specific week, he/she worked at least for one hour in any activity entailing remuneration in money or in kind or was temporarily away from work (for example on holiday, sick leave, or receiving income support while temporarily laid off), but kept his/her job or remained selfemployed. This map shows the employment rate distribution in the Alps (Germany and Switzerland LAU 2 level data not available). In general, in all countries, employment in the Alpine area is higher in comparison with national averages. Differences can be observed within the countries, with areas like South Tyrol in Italy and Haute-Savoie and Savoie in France showing higher employment rates than other Alpine areas belonging to the same country. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other other other other other text/xml other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_2_3_Unemployment_rate Unemployed people are those who, during the reference week: (a) had no employment and (b) were available to start work within the next two weeks and (c) had actively sought employment at some time during the previous four weeks. In addition, unemployed people include those who had no employment and had already found a job that would start later. The harmonised unemployment rate provides the number of unemployed people as a percentage of the labour force (the total number of people employed plus unemployed). This map shows the unemployment rate distribution in the Alps (Germany and Switzerland LAU 2 level data not available). According to the maps, the overall Alpine situation is not homogenous. The unemployment rate ranges from 2.5% in Liechtenstein to 11.2% in the Slovenian Alpine area. Except for Slovenia, the average unemployment rate is lower in the Alps than in the country as a whole. There are differences also within Alpine countries, with areas such as South Tyrol in Italy or parts of Eastern Savoie in France that show lower unemployment rates than other Alpine areas belonging to the same country. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 text/xml other other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Inds_2_6_Young_unemploymen Young unemployment is the unemployment of young people between 14–28 years old. Expressed in %. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_MPI_Index_demographic_and_ MPI is a composite index summarising the values of several indicators measured on a certain number of statistical units. Municipalities with high MPI values are the most dynamic. Among them: Alto Adige/South Tyrol, Aosta Valley, the valley floors of the Adige Valley, the Garda area (in Italy), High Savoie and High Maurienne Valley (in France), the Inn and Salzach Valleys, a further part of Tyrol, swathes of Vorarlberg, municipalities in the area of Vienna, Graz and Klagenfurt (in Austria). The highest index values were recorded in the municipalities of Saint-Christol (FR, 118.1), Sivergues (FR, 116.6), Mader (AT, 114.1), Val-de-Chalvagne (FR, 112.5), Hall in Tirol (AT, 112.0), Lavant (AT, 111.6), Ampass (AT, 111.3), Hard (AT, 111.2), Altach (AT, 111.0) and Zirl (110.8). Among less dynamic municipalities (with lower MPI values) there are: Maritime Alps (in France), municipalities along the border between Tyrol and Vorarlberg, in Upper and Lower Tauern and in the Lower Austrian-Styrian Limestone Alps (in Austria), the municipalities on the border between Austria and Slovenia, between Italy and Slovenia and weste of Turin. In the last positions of the ranking with the lowest MPI index we find Gars (FR, 77.1), La Batie-des-Fonds (FR, 75.6), Aucelon (FR, 75.6), Chanousse (FR, 75.5), Oulles (FR, 74.8), Blieux (FR, 73.7), Saint-Leger (FR, 69.15), Montferrand-la-Fare (FR, 67.34), Lesches-en-Diois (FR, 64.3), Verignon (FR, 63.1). RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other text/xml other other other other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Var_2_1_Inactivity_rate_pe0 The inactivity rate used is obtained from the percentage ratio of non-participants in the labour force in the 15-64 age group with respect to the corresponding population. “Non-participants in the labour force” are defined as those individuals who are classified as neither being employed nor seeking work. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RSA_V_AK_LAU2_2013_Var_2_2_Employment_rates_p Employment rate variation (in %). The employment rate of the population aged 15-64 is obtained by the percentage ratio of employed individuals with respect to the population. RSA5 EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.482650855293277 16.587731553607618 43.33431035671027 48.53824745644714 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:RiskOfWildfire The indicator shows the risk of wildfire on environment in the intermediate emissions (2070-2100) scenario with absolute exposure. It is the result of combining the wildfire hazard in the intermediate emissions (2070-2100) scenario and the absolute exposure and vulnerabilility of environment to wildfire. The value is in the range from 1 to 2, being 2 the highest risk and 1 the lowest. See ESPON-CLIMATE 2022 Update Final Report for further details. (ESPON, 2025) RiskOfWildfire RSA10 features fire EPSG:3035 CRS:84 4.193913528967307 17.223791839112423 42.84152646813768 48.76334139101402 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:ShepherdsNetworkCIPRA0 This map shows stakeholders in the field of pastoralism in the Alps. This can be Alpine pastoralists and pastoralist organisations, stakeholders from agriculture and agricultural authorities, stakeholders from other relevant projects, advisory institutions and training centres or political representatives. The representation is part of the CIPRA project «Dialogues on wolves – strengthening shepherds’ networks in the Alps». For more information visit: https://www.cipra.org/en/shepherds-network ShepherdsNetworkCIPRA features EPSG:4326 CRS:84 3.85484933853149 16.330178976059 43.6172870794841 54.5477805913565 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:SociRelSatisfaction Average score of responses to question "How satisfied are you with social relations?" in the survey on Quality of Life conducted for RSA10. satisfaction social relations RSA10 SociRelSatisfaction features EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.2963941592582637 17.28906613135461 42.843811497361465 49.13272136040497 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:WaterBodiesGoodHighEco_poly0 The indicator shows the share of waterbodies in good or high ecological status per NUTS3 region calculated from the WISE Water Framework Directive Database. RSA10 WaterBodiesGoodHighEco_poly water bodies features EPSG:3035 CRS:84 4.192230327311095 17.237769716810995 42.843811497361465 48.778281154582295 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:WorkSatisfaction Average score of responses to question "How satisfied are you with work and financial security?" in the survey on Quality of Life conducted for RSA10. satisfaction work WorkSatisfaction RSA10 features financial security EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.2963941592582637 17.28906613135461 42.843811497361465 49.13272136040497 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:air_monitoring_sampling_point_BaP_2018 The monitorization of carcinogenic pollutants is essential in determining the air quality of a specific area. Therefore, the monitoring of benzo(a)pyrene (Bap) is carried out throughout the Alpine region, mainly at urban or suburban background locations. The layer shows the benzo(a)pyrene (Bap) measurement stations in the Alpine Convention territory in 2018. features EPSG:4326 CRS:84 5.27897167205811 15.8223896026611 44.4121971130371 47.7974891662598 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:air_monitoring_sampling_point_HM_2018 Heavy metals (mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium) concentration levels are low and do not exceed the European limit values. However, although with reduced density, the monitoring of heavy metals is carried out throughout the Alpine region. They are generally measured at background locations, except Austria, whose measurements are mainly oriented towards industrial sites. In Switzerland instead, additional monitoring of all these pollutants is part of the Swiss local networks. The layer shows the heavy metals measurement stations in the Alpine Convention territory in 2018. heavy_metals EPSG:4326 CRS:84 5.27897167205811 15.07750415802 43.735050201416 47.7974891662598 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:air_monitoring_sampling_point_NO2_2018 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is amongst the pollutants with the highest density of measurement points. These points are distributed over the whole region except for highly mountainous or less densely populated areas. This pollutant monitoring also targets traffic-oriented sites and, to a lesser extent, industrial sites. The layer shows the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measurement stations in the Alpine Convention territory in 2018. features EPSG:4326 CRS:84 5.27897167205811 16.3279590606689 43.7269897460938 48.3082466125488 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:air_monitoring_sampling_point_O3_2018 Ozone (O3) pollution primarily affects the Alpine region. Indeed, ozone is amongst the pollutants with the highest density of measurement points. These points are distributed over the whole region except for highly mountainous or less densely populated areas. Ozone is primarily measured in rural or (sub)urban background areas. The layer shows the ozone measurement stations in the Alpine Convention territory in 2018. features EPSG:4326 CRS:84 5.27897167205811 16.3046932220459 43.7269897460938 48.3013763427734 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:air_monitoring_sampling_point_PM10_2018 Particulate matter (PM10) is amongst the pollutants with the highest density of measurement points. These points are distributed over the whole region except for highly mountainous or less densely populated areas. PM10 monitoring also targets traffic-oriented sites and, to a lesser extent, industrial sites. The layer shows the particulate matter (PM10) measurement stations in the Alpine Convention territory in 2018. pm10 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 5.27897167205811 16.3279590606689 43.7269897460938 48.3082466125488 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:air_monitoring_sampling_point_PM25_2018 Fairly extensive monitoring of fine particles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is carried out throughout the Alpine region, mainly at urban or suburban background locations. The layer shows the particulate matter (PM2.5) measurement stations in the Alpine Convention territory in 2018. features EPSG:4326 CRS:84 5.27897167205811 15.1499977111816 43.8357849121094 48.0216598510742 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:air_monitoring_station_altitude_CH_EU 234 monitoring stations operating during the 2016-2018 period were identified thanks to EEA European Air Quality Portal in the in the Alpine region for measuring the following pollutants: PM10, PM2.5, nitrogen oxides (NOx) including nitrogen dioxide(NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), benzene (C6H6), ozone (O3), lead (Pb), Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), carbon monoxide (CO), cadmium (Cd). Two-thirds of these stations are located in suburban or urban environments and one-third in rural environments. This map illustrates their geographical distribution, together with that of 39 additional stations belonging to the local Swiss monitoring networks and operating in the same period. Of all these stations, 14% and 78% are located at altitudes higher than 1,000 m.a.s.l. and 1,500 m.a.s.l. respectively. Adapting an existing methodology, it has been estimated that approximately 86% of these stations displayed are situated in valleys (see the original text of the RSA9 for details). monitoring stations EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.913113094887839 16.38229477014932 43.59301219240288 48.48698801517541 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:alpine_towns This map is an output from the 9th Report on the state of the Alps and shows the Alpine settlement system based on population size and an accessibility definition of Alpine towns. The population data refer to the LAU database of ESPON Alps 2050 (2015). Alpine towns are defined as settlements with a population of more than 5,000 with-in the Alpine Convention Perimeter. In addition, calculations of accessibility by car were performed using an API of the Open Route Service (based on OSM data, openrouteservice.org at HeiGIT), defining travel times of 5, 10 and 15 minutes around the individual settlements. Settlements with a population between 3,000 and 5,000 are considered Alpine towns if i) the settlement is more than 15 minutes’ drive from a settlement of more than 5,000 inhabitants or, ii) the settlement is less than 15 minutes’ drive from another settlement of fewer than 5,000 inhabitants but it has more inhabitants than the settlement nearby or has access to the railway. According to this analysis, the Alpine settlement system consists of 780 Alpine towns, with 161 of them having fewer than 5,000 inhabitants. Maribor and Lecco are not part of the Alpine Convention Perimeter but are included as Alpine towns. This is due to their proximity to mountainous areas and their role in various Alpine town networks (in particular, Alpine Town of the Year). Find out more on the topic of Alpine towns at alpinetowns.alpconv.org alpine_towns cities towns EPSG:3035 CRS:84 4.695369658550682 16.46984153933593 43.39321841281153 48.49605286127045 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:alpine_unis This map is an output from the 9th Report on the state of the Alps and shows the universities locations and their number of students within the Alpine Convention perimeter. The locations were extracted from the OSM database for each country using the Overpass Query Wizard (tag: amenity=university). The results were cleaned and validated by desktop research and by feedback from the RSA 9 stakeholders. The latest number of students is based on information on university homepages. Find out more on the topic of Alpine towns at alpinetowns.alpconv.org universities EPSG:3035 CRS:84 5.469046868326338 16.12979678010236 44.47844889492106 48.223608635610745 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:c3s_gi_rgi11_s2_2015_v2 Consistent, Alpine-wide glacier inventory (August 2015) with an unprecedented spatial resolution of 10 m (Sentinel 2). glacier EPSG:32632 CRS:84 5.847090169372306 13.646180673484945 44.03967894704947 47.587046127402566 other other other other text/xml other other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:labourproductivity_4e210f6448ec76ac439a2a1aac26b660 Distribution of regional gross value added based on a region’s labour productivity. labourproductivity_4e210f6448ec76ac439a2a1aac26b660 labour features RSA10 LabourProductivity productivity EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.343630755331478 17.237769716810995 42.84381153793034 48.780221791316215 other other other other other other text/xml geonode:main_roads To a higher degree than the non-Alpine road network, the Alpine road network had to be adapted to topographic conditions. To overcome the natural barrier of the Alps, small and large tunnels have been built. Examples are the Tauern tunnel in Austria, the Gotthard tunnel in Switzerland, and the Fréjus and the Mont Blanc tunnels between France and Italy. Respecting these topographic conditions, the motorway system follows the main valleys of the Alps and connects main Alpine towns and cities. Additionally, secondary roads connect side valleys and their towns and villages with the motorways, forming a dense road network through the Alpine valleys. motorways EPSG:3034 CRS:84 4.794499724283756 16.347358304400007 43.41714121744235 48.49894333143234 other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other other other other other other other text/xml other other other other other text/xml other other geonode:o3_longterm_exceedances This layer shows the evolution of the exceedances of the long-term ozone objective for the protection of human health in the Alpine region. Here it is possible to observe the yearly number of exceedances of the long-term goal of 120 µg/m3 per station for 2016, 2017, and 2018. The target value for the protection of human health (120 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 25 times on average over 3 years) is exceeded at most sites and throughout most of the territory, although Germany and Monaco are exceptions. Inter-annual variability can be noted in those areas, with a higher number of exceedances of the 120 µg/m3 threshold in 2018 compared to the previous years. The long-term objective for the protection of human health (120 µg/m3) and the WHO guideline (100 µg/m3) are exceeded almost everywhere. o3 ozone EPSG:3857 CRS:84 5.278971663563419 16.313950163251505 43.72698997566943 48.30246166660003 2016-01-01T00:00:00.000Z/2018-01-01T00:00:00.000Z/P1000Y other other other other text/xml other other geonode:popwdistanceculture_km The indicator shows average distance to selected cultural amenities in a NUTS 3 region, considering the population density to account for different settlement patterns. Population density was obtained from Eurostat Census grid, service locations were obtained from OpenStreetMaps. features population distance popwdistanceculture_km EPSG:3035 CRS:84 4.192230327311095 17.237769716810995 42.84381153793034 48.77828119446936 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:surveyindicatorsnuts2 Average score of responses to question "Taking all things together, how happy would you say you are?" in the survey on Quality of Life conducted for RSA10. happy life surveyindicatorsnuts2 features Happiness EPSG:3035 CRS:84 3.296394159258258 17.289066131354613 42.84381153793034 49.13272140008596 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:via_alpina_cbe3737a4fce6c8db2dac6ab59752499 This map shows the route of the Via Alpina, which connects all eight Alpine countries. Further information can be found on the website via-alpina.org. via_alpina features CIPRA via_alpina_cbe3737a4fce6c8db2dac6ab59752499 EPSG:4326 CRS:84 6.484559 14.13255 43.729864 47.440932 other other other other text/xml other other geonode:via_alpina_refuges This layer shows the points of interest, such as huts, special highlights, etc., along the route of the Via Alpina, which connects all eight Alpine countries. Further information can be found on the website via-alpina.org. features via_alpina_refuges EPSG:4326 CRS:84 13.71326892 14.076201127248039 45.619551 46.44625153 other text/xml other other other other other geonode:yoalin This map shows some great places and approved destinations from Yoalin-travellers all over the Alps – from hiking and sporty places to touristy spots and curiousities, from hotspots for cuisine & culture as well as natural treasures. For more info visit: www.yoalin.org yoalin EPSG:4326 CRS:84 4.46898317337036 16.3738193511963 43.5939064025879 48.2081756591797 other other other other text/xml other other